The Difference between PCR, Antigen, and Antibody Tests
| Table header 0 | PCR Test | Antigen Test |
|---|---|---|
| Concept | SARS-CoV-2 has genetic material in the form of RNA. Presence of COVID-19 specific viral RNA from patient samples indicate that the patient is SARS-CoV-2 infected. | Antigens are present on the surface of the virus. Presence of COVID-19-specific antigen in patient samples indicate that the patient is SARS-CoV-2 infected. |
| Testing Principle | PCR tests amplify and detect targeted region of SARS-CoV-2 genetic material. | Antigen tests detect SARS-CoV-2 antigen in patient samples. |
| Sample Type | Nasal, nasopharyngeal swab, oropharyngeal swab, deep throat saliva | Nasal, nasopharyngeal swab, oropharyngeal swab |
| Biomarker | SARS-CoV-2 virus | SARS-CoV-2 antigen |
| Suitable period for use | From onset of infection | From 2 days after infection |
Operation | 4-6 hours | Around 20 minutes |
| Operation Requirements | Professional medical operator and lab equipment | No professional operator or equipment required |